Fundamentals of Electrical Power Systems Analysis by Md. Abdus Salam
Author:Md. Abdus Salam
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9789811532122
Publisher: Springer Singapore
6.1 Introduction
The goal of any power utility company is to run its power system network under balanced condition. The power system network is said to be balanced when it is operating in normal-load condition. This normal operating condition of the power system can be disrupted due to adverse weather conditions such as heavy wind, lightning strikes, or due to other factors such as birds shorting out the lines, vehicles collide with transmission line poles or towers by accident, or trees fall on the transmission lines. The lightning strike on the transmission line may generate a very high transient voltage, which exceeds the basic insulation voltage level of the transmission lines. This event triggers the flashover from the resultant high magnitude of the current that passes through the transmission tower to the ground. This condition of the transmission lines is known as a short circuit condition, and the fault associated with this phenomenon is known as a short circuit fault. In a short circuit situation, a very low impedance path is created either in between two transmission lines or in between a transmission line and ground. In this case, the resulting high magnitude current imposes a heavy duty on the circuit breaker and other controlling equipment. The short circuit faults are classified as symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. In this chapter, symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults, symmetrical components, zero sequence components of the machines, and classification unsymmetrical faults will be discussed.
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